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Guardrails for agents: filters, classifiers, LLM judges and Guard

Every agent team ends up choosing how to check steps. The options differ in what they can see, what they return, and whether you can afford to run them on every step.

The options

ApproachWhat it checksWhat it returnsYour own rules?
Keyword and regex filtersKnown strings and formatsMatch or no matchOnly as patterns
Injection classifiersWhether input looks like an attackOne fixed scoreNo: the categories are fixed
LLM-as-judge promptsAnything you can describeProse to parse, or a number with no calibrationYes, in the prompt
Simo GuardInput, each tool call and each reply, against your policyA calibrated score per check, a decision and evidenceYes: checks you define, per tool

What matters for agents

  • The action, not only the input. Filters and input classifiers see text coming in. Attacks do damage at the tool call, so the check has to see the action, the policy and what the agent read.
  • Your rules. “Refunds over $50 need a manager” is not in any classifier’s label set. Guard checks are written by you.
  • A number you can threshold. A judge prompt that writes “this looks risky” gives you nothing to set a threshold on. Guard’s calibrated scores do.
  • Cost per step. A judge that reasons at length on every tool call adds seconds per step. Guard reads the step once and answers every check in the same pass, in milliseconds. See Simo vs reasoning models.

Use them together

Filters are cheap and exact for known secrets formats; keep them. Least-privilege tools and hard limits in code stay essential. Guard adds the judgment none of them can make: does this step, in this context, break this policy?

Frequently asked questions

Is Simo Guard an LLM judge?

It plays the same role with a different shape: one read of the step, typed checks, and a calibrated probability for each, instead of a written verdict.

Stop parsing essays. Start reading probabilities.

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